为了主理最新的流行病学扣问动态和见解，本版络续动态的流行病学文摘编译行径。接待天下插足！ 文章将泉源于影响因子较高的流行病学期刊，当今主要为好意思国流行病学杂志，以后会徐徐加多其他流行病学杂志及联系学科杂志。编译及奖励规律如下：1. 所需要编译的文摘已贴上，跟帖认领即可，允许占位，但占位者七天内需完成所领任务，如未完成则再行认领。为了更多站友参与编译和学习，每位站友（ID)每次最多可审领2篇，待完成后可络续审领。2. 加分规律为一篇一分；对于相宜信、达、雅的译文，如若加以我方的专科挑剔，会酌情加分；调换翻译者一般不加分。3. 专门翻译的站友请先认领后另开新贴进行翻译。 4. 诸位申领战友将翻译后的译文提交时，请将英文的原文附在前边，以利于审核加分，谢谢！本规律参照养分学板块，特此向养分学板块版主的劳苦干事暗示感谢！参与编译的站友本东谈主及享有其编译作品的著述权，任何机构或个东谈主请勿用于制作出书物。转载请注明出处。1、Association between Apolipoprotein E Polymorphisms and Age-related Macular Degeneration: A HuGE Review and Meta-Analysis A possible association between apolipoprotein E polymorphisms and age-related macular degeneration has been investigated numerous times， with conflicting results. A previous analysis pooling results from four studies (Schmidt et al.， Ophthalmic Genet 2002;23:209–23) suggested an association， but those investigators did not document allele frequencies， the magnitude of the association， or the possible genetic mode of action. Thus， the authors searched MEDLINE from 1966 to December 2005 for any English-language studies reporting genetic associations. Data and study quality were assessed in duplicate. Pooling was performed while checking for heterogeneity and publication bias. Frequencies of the E2 and E4 alleles in Caucasians were approximately 8% and 15%， respectively. Allele- and genotype-based tests of association indicated a risk effect of up to 20% for E2 and a protective effect of up to 40% for E4. E2 appeared to act in a recessive mode and E4 in a dominant mode. There appears to be a differential effect of the E2 and E4 alleles on the risk of age-related macular degeneration， although the possibility of survivor bias needs to be ruled out more definitively.2、Comparing Individual- and Area-based Socioeconomic Measures for the Surveillance of Health Disparities: A Multilevel Analysis of Massachusetts Births， 1989–1991 The absence of individual-level socioeconomic information in most US health surveillance data necessitates using area-based socioeconomic measures (ABSMs) to monitor health inequalities. Using the 1989–1991 birth weight data from Massachusetts， the authors compared estimates of health disparities detected with census tract- and block group-level ABSMs pertaining to poverty and education， as well as parental education， both independently and together. In separate models， adjusted for infant's sex， mother's age， and parents' race/ethnicity， worst-off categories of census tract ABSMs and parental education had a comparable birth weight deficit of 70 g. Similar results were observed for low birth weight (<2，500 g)， with worst-off categories of census tract ABSMs and parental education having an odds ratio of 1.37 (p < 0.001). In mutually adjusted models for birth weight and low birth weight， census tract ABSMs still detected an effect estimate nearly 50% of that detected by parental education. Additionally， census tract ABSMs detected socioeconomic gradients in birth weight among births to mothers aged less than 25 years， an age group in which educational attainment is unlikely to be completed. These results suggest that aptly chosen ABSMs can be used to monitor socioeconomic inequalities in health. The risk， if any， in the absence of individual-level socioeconomic information is a conservative estimate of socioeconomic inequalities in health.3、The C677T Polymorphism in the Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase Gene (MTHFR)， Maternal Use of Folic Acid Supplements， and Risk of Isolated Clubfoot: A Case-Parent-Triad Analysis Worldwide， 1–4 per 1，000 births are affected by clubfoot. Clubfoot etiology is unclear， but both genetic and environmental factors are thought to be involved. Low folate status in pregnant women has been implicated in several congenital malformations， and folate metabolism may be affected by polymorphisms in the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene (MTHFR). Using a case-parent-triad design， the authors investigated whether the MTHFR C677T polymorphism， and maternal periconceptional folic acid supplement use， influenced risk of isolated clubfoot. Three hundred seventy-five United Kingdom case-parent triads were recruited in 1998–1999. Among the children， there was a significant trend of decreasing clubfoot risk with increasing number of T alleles: relative risk for CT vs. CC = 0.75， 95% confidence interval: 0.57， 0.97; relative risk for TT vs. CC = 0.57， 95% confidence interval: 0.35， 0.91; p trend = 0.006. This association was not modified by maternal folic acid use. Maternal MTHFR genotype did not influence clubfoot risk for the offspring overall， although a possible interaction with folic acid use was found. This is the first known report of a specific genetic polymorphism associated with clubfoot. The direction of the association is intriguing and suggests that DNA synthesis may be relevant in clubfoot development. However， clubfoot mechanisms are poorly understood， and the folate metabolism pathway is complex. Further research is needed to elucidate these relations.4、Identifying Genetic Susceptibilities to Diabetes-related Complications among Individuals at Low Risk of Complications: An Application of Tree-Structured Survival Analysis The authors hypothesized that genetic predisposition to diabetes complications would be more evident among low-risk individuals and aimed to identify genes related to developing complications (confirmed distal symmetric polyneuropathy， overt nephropathy， or coronary artery disease) in low-risk groups. Participants in the Pittsburgh， Pennsylvania， Epidemiology of Diabetes Complications Study of childhood-onset type 1 diabetes， first seen in 1986–1988 (mean age， 28 years; diabetes duration， 19 years)， were reexamined biennially for 10 years. For each complication， subgroups with the lowest disease risk were identified by using tree-structured survival analysis， and 15 candidate genes were compared between subjects with and without complications. In the group with the lowest incidence of confirmed distal symmetric polyneuropathy (n = 123)， confirmed distal symmetric polyneuropathy risk increased fivefold for those with the eNOS GG genotype (p < 0.05). In the group with the lowest risk of overt nephropathy (n = 340)， the ACE D polymorphism increased overt nephropathy risk twofold (p = 0.05)， whereas a protective effect was observed for the LIPC CC genotype (p < 0.05). In the group with the lowest incidence of coronary artery disease (n = 331)， the MTHFR CC genotype increased coronary artery disease risk threefold (p < 0.05). Tree-structured survival analysis may help identify genetic predispositions among individuals who， despite low risk， develop diabetes-related complications.5、Peripheral Insensate Neuropathy—A Tall Problem for US Adults? The relation between height and lower extremity peripheral insensate neuropathy among persons with and without diabetes was examined by use of the 1999–2002 US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey with 5，229 subjects aged 40 or more years. A monofilament was used to determine whether any of three areas on each foot were insensate. Peripheral insensate neuropathy was defined as the presence of one or more insensate areas. Its prevalence was nearly twice as high among persons with diabetes (21.2%) as among those without diabetes (11.5%; p < 0.001). Men (16.2%) had 1.7 times the prevalence of peripheral insensate neuropathy as did women (9.4%)， but the difference was not significant after adjustment for height. Greater height was associated with increased peripheral insensate neuropathy prevalence among persons with and without diabetes (p < 0.001). This association was characterized by a sharp increase in prevalence among persons who were taller than 175.5 cm. Peripheral insensate neuropathy risk was significantly higher among those taller than 175.5 cm (adjusted odds ratio = 2.3， 95% confidence interval: 1.5， 3.5). The authors conclude that body height is an important correlate of peripheral insensate neuropathy. This association largely accounts for the difference in peripheral insensate neuropathy prevalence between men and women. Height may help health-care providers to identify persons at high risk of peripheral insensate neuropathy.6、Association of Selective and Conventional Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drugs with Acute Renal Failure: A Population-based， Nested Case-Control Analysis Conventional nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are associated with acute renal failure， but cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors have not been comparatively evaluated. The authors conducted a nested case-control study to assess the association between exposure to NSAIDs， including cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors， and hospitalization for acute renal failure. They identified 121，722 new NSAID users older than age 65 years from the administrative health care databases of Quebec， Canada， in 1999–2002. Data for 4，228 cases and 84，540 controls matched on age and follow-up time were analyzed by using conditional logistic regression， adjusted for sex， age， health status， health care utilization measures， exposure to contrast agents， and nephrotoxic medications. The risk of acute renal failure for all NSAIDs combined was highest within 30 days of treatment initiation (adjusted rate ratio (RR) = 2.05， 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.61， 2.60) and receded thereafter. The association with acute renal failure within 30 days of therapy initiation was comparable for rofecoxib (RR = 2.31， 95% CI: 1.73， 3.08)， naproxen (RR = 2.42， 95% CI: 1.52， 3.85)， and nonselective， non-naproxen NSAIDs (RR = 2.30， 95% CI: 1.60， 3.32) but was borderline lower for celecoxib (RR =1.54， 95% CI: 1.14， 2.09; test for interaction comparing celecoxib with rofecoxib， p = 0.057). There was a significant association for both selective and nonselective NSAIDs with acute renal failure， but confirmatory studies are required.7、What Is the Influence of Weight Change on Forearm Bone Mineral Density in Peri- and Postmenopausal Women? The Health Study of Nord-Trøndelag， Norway Weight loss in the elderly increases bone loss and the risk of fractures， especially at the hip and spine. The influence of weight change on non-weight-bearing parts of the skeleton is less well known. The purpose of this study was to investigate an association between weight change during the peri- and postmenopausal years and forearm bone mineral density (BMD). Among 8，856 women aged 45–60 years attending the first Health Study of Nord-Trøndelag， Norway (HUNT I， 1984–1986)， a random sample of 2，795 women was invited to forearm densitometry (single x-ray absorptiometry technology) at HUNT II (1995–1997)， after a mean period of 11.3 years. A total of 2，005 women (mean age: 65.1 years) were eligible. The mean weight had increased 3.4 kg; the gain was greater in the youngest women. A total of 382 women (19.1%) had lost and 1，331 women (66.3%) had gained weight. Weight change explained little of the BMD variance， 0.7% and 0.4% for weight loss and weight gain， respectively. Weight loss was an independent and statistically significant negative predictor of BMD， adjusted for body weight， age， age at menopause， smoking， and ovarian hormone treatment， particularly among women with a baseline body mass index greater than 25 kg/m2. No independent association between weight gain and forearm BMD was found.8、Curry Consumption and Cognitive Function in the Elderly Curcumin， from the curry spice turmeric， has been shown to possess potent antioxidant and antiinflammatory properties and to reduce ß-amyloid and plaque burden in experimental studies， but epidemiologic evidence is lacking. The authors investigated the association between usual curry consumption level and cognitive function in elderly Asians. In a population-based cohort (n = 1，010) of nondemented elderly Asian subjects aged 60–93 years in 2003， the authors compared Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores for three categories of regular curry consumption， taking into account known sociodemographic， health， and behavioral correlates of MMSE performance. Those who consumed curry "occasionally" and "often or very often" had significantly better MMSE scores than did subjects who "never or rarely" consumed curry. The authors reported tentative evidence of better cognitive performance from curry consumption in nondemented elderly Asians， which should be confirmed in future studies.9、Association of Childhood Socioeconomic Position with Cause-specific Mortality in a Prospective Record Linkage Study of 1，839，384 Individuals Previous studies have lacked sufficient power to assess associations between early-life socioeconomic position and adult cause-specific mortality. The authors examined associations of parental social class at age 0–16 years with mortality among 1，824，064 Swedes born in 1944–1960. Females and males from manual compared with nonmanual childhood social classes were more likely to die from smoking-related cancers， stomach cancer， respiratory disease， cardiovascular disease， and diabetes. Males from manual compared with nonmanual social classes were more likely to die from unintentional injury， homicide， and alcoholic cirrhosis. The association with stomach cancer was little affected by adjustment for parental later-life and own adult social class or education. For other outcomes， educational attainment resulted in greater attenuation of associations than did adjustment for adult social class. Early-life social class was not related to suicide or to melanoma， colon， breast，丝袜玉足 brain， or lymphatic cancers or to leukemia. With the exception of stomach cancer， caused by Helicobacter pylori infection acquired in childhood， poorer social class in early life was associated with diseases largely caused by behavioral risk factors such as smoking， physical inactivity， and an unhealthy diet. Educational attainment may be important in reducing the health inequalities associated with early-life disadvantage.认领1【SOE-158】ギリモザ 交わる体液、濃密セックス Ami，3认领8【SOE-158】ギリモザ 交わる体液、濃密セックス Ami，9认领４．６两篇认领2. 5两篇认领 第7篇7、What Is the Influence of Weight Change on Forearm Bone Mineral Density in Peri- and Postmenopausal Women? The Health Study of Nord-Trøndelag， Norway Weight loss in the elderly increases bone loss and the risk of fractures， especially at the hip and spine. The influence of weight change on non-weight-bearing parts of the skeleton is less well known. The purpose of this study was to investigate an association between weight change during the peri- and postmenopausal years and forearm bone mineral density (BMD). Among 8，856 women aged 45–60 years attending the first Health Study of Nord-Trøndelag， Norway (HUNT I， 1984–1986)， a random sample of 2，795 women was invited to forearm densitometry (single x-ray absorptiometry technology) at HUNT II (1995–1997)， after a mean period of 11.3 years. A total of 2，005 women (mean age: 65.1 years) were eligible. The mean weight had increased 3.4 kg; the gain was greater in the youngest women. A total of 382 women (19.1%) had lost and 1，331 women (66.3%) had gained weight. Weight change explained little of the BMD variance， 0.7% and 0.4% for weight loss and weight gain， respectively. Weight loss was an independent and statistically significant negative predictor of BMD， adjusted for body weight， age， age at menopause， smoking， and ovarian hormone treatment， particularly among women with a baseline body mass index greater than 25 kg/m2. No independent association between weight gain and forearm BMD was found. 体重的转变对处于绝经期和绝经后妇女的前臂骨矿物资密度将产生什么影响？（一项来自挪威北特隆特雷地区的健康扣问）在中年时间【SOE-158】ギリモザ 交わる体液、濃密セックス Ami，体重的裁减会加多骨质的丢失，骨折发生的危机性也会相应加多，在臀部骨骼和脊骨部位发达尤为赫然。体重的转变对于莫得承受分量的骨骼部分的影响，当今咱们知之甚少。本次扣问的指标是，拜谒体重的转变与处于绝经期和绝经后妇女的前臂骨矿物资密度之间的关系。选中插足第一次健康扣问的挪威北特隆特雷地区，年岁在45-60岁的8，856名妇女 (I 期搜索， 1984–1986)，历经平均约11.3年后，立地抽取2，795名妇女进行前臂骨密度测量（给与单纯X线吸光测量本事）（II期搜索，1995–1997)。共有2，005名妇女（平均年岁为：65.1岁）相宜条目。她们的平均体重加多3.4kg；加多幅度在最年青的妇女中较为赫然。共有382名妇女（19.1%）体重裁减，1，333名妇女（66.3%）体重加多。体重转变仅解说骨矿物资密度的一丝变异，体重裁减组为0.7%，体重加多组为0.4%。在颐养体重，年岁，绝经后年岁，抽烟和卵巢激素替代疗法（尤其是基线体重指数大于25kg/m2妇女）等变量后，体重裁减是骨矿物资密度的零丁瞻望变量，两者之间具有权贵统计学负性关系。而体重加多与前臂骨矿物资密度之间的零丁关系却未尝发现。8、Curry Consumption and Cognitive Function in the Elderly Curcumin， from the curry spice turmeric， has been shown to possess potent antioxidant and antiinflammatory properties and to reduce ß-amyloid and plaque burden in experimental studies， but epidemiologic evidence is lacking. The authors investigated the association between usual curry consumption level and cognitive function in elderly Asians. In a population-based cohort (n = 1，010) of nondemented elderly Asian subjects aged 60–93 years in 2003， the authors compared Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores for three categories of regular curry consumption， taking into account known sociodemographic， health， and behavioral correlates of MMSE performance. Those who consumed curry "occasionally" and "often or very often" had significantly better MMSE scores than did subjects who "never or rarely" consumed curry. The authors reported tentative evidence of better cognitive performance from curry consumption in nondemented elderly Asians， which should be confirmed in future studies. 题目？姜黄素， 一种泉源咖喱香料姜黄的物资， 在执行性扣问中自大具有有用抗氧化、减少β淀粉样卵白和斑块负荷的功能， 但仍短少流行病学字据。作家在亚洲老年东谈主中拜谒了咖喱破钞量和知道功能之间的关系。2003以年岁60–93岁知道逼迫亚洲老年东谈主为扣问对象的队伍扣问(n = 1，010)，作家相比了三个类别咖喱破钞量东谈主群的浅陋智能量表（MMSE）评分，同期辩论社会东谈主口、健康及与MMSE关连的行径要素。成果标明，那些“偶尔地”和“平凡或非常平凡”破钞咖喱的东谈主比"从未或很少" 破钞咖喱的扣问对象有更好的MMSE 评分。作家阐述，在知道逼迫亚洲老年东谈主中的知道发达与咖喱破钞量的试探性扣问字据， 有待在将来扣问中进一步证明。5、Peripheral Insensate Neuropathy—A Tall Problem for US Adults? The relation between height and lower extremity peripheral insensate neuropathy among persons with and without diabetes was examined by use of the 1999–2002 US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey with 5，229 subjects aged 40 or more years. A monofilament was used to determine whether any of three areas on each foot were insensate. Peripheral insensate neuropathy was defined as the presence of one or more insensate areas. Its prevalence was nearly twice as high among persons with diabetes (21.2%) as among those without diabetes (11.5%; p < 0.001). Men (16.2%) had 1.7 times the prevalence of peripheral insensate neuropathy as did women (9.4%)， but the difference was not significant after adjustment for height. Greater height was associated with increased peripheral insensate neuropathy prevalence among persons with and without diabetes (p < 0.001). This association was characterized by a sharp increase in prevalence among persons who were taller than 175.5 cm. Peripheral insensate neuropathy risk was significantly higher among those taller than 175.5 cm (adjusted odds ratio = 2.3， 95% confidence interval: 1.5， 3.5). The authors conclude that body height is an important correlate of peripheral insensate neuropathy. This association largely accounts for the difference in peripheral insensate neuropathy prevalence between men and women. Height may help health-care providers to identify persons at high risk of peripheral insensate neuropathy.周围神经麻木，好意思国成年东谈主的一个大问题.哄骗1999–2002好意思国的健康与养分拜谒扣问中40岁摆布的5229不雅察对象，在患糖尿病和未患糖尿病的东谈主群里扣问身高和下肢周围神经麻木的关系.一根单纤丝被用来笃定每只脚三个区域的任何一个是否是无知觉的. 周围神经麻木的界说是出现一个或多个无知觉区域.糖尿病患者的周围神经麻木患病率(21.2%)险些是未患糖尿病的两倍(11.5%; p < 0.001)，男性(16.2%)是女性(9.4%)的1.7倍，然而颐养高度后，这些互异是莫得权贵性真谛.在患与未患糖尿病的东谈主群里，更高的身高和周围神经麻木患病率的加多关连(p < 0.001). ，这种关联的特征是:在高于175.5 cm的东谈主群中，患病率急剧加多. 高于175.5 cm东谈主群的周围神经麻木发病危机赫然进步，(颐养OR= 2.3， 95%简直区间:1.5，3.5).作家推断身高是周围神经麻木的一个遑急联系要素.这种关联大地面解说了男性和女性的周围神经麻木互异.身高可能匡助保健大夫辩认那些周围神经麻木的高危机东谈主群.2、Comparing Individual- and Area-based Socioeconomic Measures for the Surveillance of Health Disparities: A Multilevel Analysis of Massachusetts Births， 1989–1991 The absence of individual-level socioeconomic information in most US health surveillance data necessitates using area-based socioeconomic measures (ABSMs) to monitor health inequalities. Using the 1989–1991 birth weight data from Massachusetts， the authors compared estimates of health disparities detected with census tract- and block group-level ABSMs pertaining to poverty and education， as well as parental education， both independently and together. In separate models， adjusted for infant's sex， mother's age， and parents' race/ethnicity， worst-off categories of census tract ABSMs and parental education had a comparable birth weight deficit of 70 g. Similar results were observed for low birth weight (<2，500 g)， with worst-off categories of census tract ABSMs and parental education having an odds ratio of 1.37 (p < 0.001). In mutually adjusted models for birth weight and low birth weight， census tract ABSMs still detected an effect estimate nearly 50% of that detected by parental education. Additionally， census tract ABSMs detected socioeconomic gradients in birth weight among births to mothers aged less than 25 years， an age group in which educational attainment is unlikely to be completed. These results suggest that aptly chosen ABSMs can be used to monitor socioeconomic inequalities in health. The risk， if any， in the absence of individual-level socioeconomic information is a conservative estimate of socioeconomic inequalities in health.一个对马萨诸塞州1989-1991的荣达儿数据进行的多级分析，相比了健康不对等监测的个体的和区域的社会经济措施.在大大皆好意思国健康监测数据中个体社会经济信息的缺失必须通过区域社会经济措施(ABSMs)来监测健康的不对等.哄骗马萨诸塞州1989-1991的婴儿出体格重数据，作家相比了猜测的健康不对等和东谈主口普查区域的与街区的对于清寒和老师，还有双亲的受老师流程的ABSMs，这些皆是零丁和全部的.在各自的模子里，颐养了婴儿的性别，母亲的年岁，父母的种族， 东谈主口普查区域的ABSMs和双亲的受老师流程有一个可比的70 g的出体格重离别.对低出体格重(<2，500 g)的不雅察也获取访佛的成果， 东谈主口普查区域的ABSMs与双亲的受老师流程的比值比为1.37(p < 0.001).在出体格重和低出体格重的相互颐养后的模子中， 东谈主口普查区域的ABSMs发现的猜测效应仍然险些是双亲老师所发现的50%.另外，在那些母亲小于25岁的出身儿中，东谈主口普查区域的ABSMs发现了出体格重的社会经济坡度，在这个年岁组老师不行能实足达到.这些成果领导:妥当地ABSMs不错用来监测社会经济的健康不对等.如若有的话，个东谈主的社会经济信息缺失的危机即是保守地猜测了社会经济的健康不对等.第二篇翻译的不太通顺，但愿诸位能手不错补充，完善，谢谢9、Association of Childhood Socioeconomic Position with Cause-specific Mortality in a Prospective Record Linkage Study of 1，839，384 Individuals Previous studies have lacked sufficient power to assess associations between early-life socioeconomic position and adult cause-specific mortality. The authors examined associations of parental social class at age 0–16 years with mortality among 1，824，064 Swedes born in 1944–1960. Females and males from manual compared with nonmanual childhood social classes were more likely to die from smoking-related cancers， stomach cancer， respiratory disease， cardiovascular disease， and diabetes. Males from manual compared with nonmanual social classes were more likely to die from unintentional injury， homicide， and alcoholic cirrhosis. The association with stomach cancer was little affected by adjustment for parental later-life and own adult social class or education. For other outcomes， educational attainment resulted in greater attenuation of associations than did adjustment for adult social class. Early-life social class was not related to suicide or to melanoma， colon， breast， brain， or lymphatic cancers or to leukemia. With the exception of stomach cancer， caused by Helicobacter pylori infection acquired in childhood， poorer social class in early life was associated with diseases largely caused by behavioral risk factors such as smoking， physical inactivity， and an unhealthy diet. Educational attainment may be important in reducing the health inequalities associated with early-life disadvantage. 1，839，384个体童年社会经济地位与弃世专率关系前瞻性扣问最先扣问短少弥散效能评定童年社会经济地位与成东谈主弃世专率之间的预计。作家扣问了1944–1960年间出身的1，824，064 名岁瑞典东谈主中0-16岁弃世率与父母社会阶级的关系。 来自膂力干事阶级的女性与男性与非膂力干事童年社会阶级相比，更易死于与抽烟联系的癌症、胃癌、呼吸疾病、心血管疾病和糖尿病。膂力干事阶级男性较非膂力干事阶级更可能死于有时伤害、凶杀和乙醇性肝硬化。胃癌险些不受父母亲青年活和领有成东谈主社会阶级或老师颐养的影响，而老师流程比成东谈主社会阶级的颐养形成更大衰减。早年社会阶级与寻短见、黑素瘤、结肠癌、乳腺癌、脑、淋巴白血病或癌症无关.除由于童年期幽门螺杆菌感染引起的胃癌外，在童年时较低的社会阶级与疾病的关联很猛流程由于一系列的行径危神秘素，如抽烟， 不作念指点、不健康的饮食民风.老师流程可在摒除早年生活不利引起的健康不每每面起遑急作用.8、Curry Consumption and Cognitive Function in the Elderly Curcumin， from the curry spice turmeric， has been shown to possess potent antioxidant and antiinflammatory properties and to reduce ß-amyloid and plaque burden in experimental studies， but epidemiologic evidence is lacking. The authors investigated the association between usual curry consumption level and cognitive function in elderly Asians. In a population-based cohort (n = 1，010) of nondemented elderly Asian subjects aged 60–93 years in 2003， the authors compared Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores for three categories of regular curry consumption， taking into account known sociodemographic， health， and behavioral correlates of MMSE performance. Those who consumed curry "occasionally" and "often or very often" had significantly better MMSE scores than did subjects who "never or rarely" consumed curry. The authors reported tentative evidence of better cognitive performance from curry consumption in nondemented elderly Asians， which should be confirmed in future studies. 老年东谈主咖喱破钞与知道功能姜黄素， 一种泉源咖喱香料姜黄的物资， 在执行性扣问中自大具有有用抗氧化、减少β淀粉样卵白和斑块负荷的功能， 但仍短少流行病学字据。作家在亚洲老年东谈主中拜谒了咖喱破钞量和知道功能之间的关系。2003以年岁60–93岁知道逼迫亚洲老年东谈主为扣问对象的队伍扣问(n = 1，010)，作家相比了三个类别咖喱破钞量东谈主群的浅陋智能量表（MMSE）评分，同期辩论社会东谈主口、健康及与MMSE关连的行径要素。成果标明，那些“偶尔地”和“平凡或非常平凡”破钞咖喱的东谈主比"从未或很少" 破钞咖喱的扣问对象有更好的MMSE 评分。作家阐述，在知道逼迫亚洲老年东谈主中的知道发达与咖喱破钞量的试探性扣问字据， 有待在将来扣问中进一步证明。4.Identifying Genetic Susceptibilities to Diabetes-related Complications among Individuals at Low Risk of Complications: An Application of Tree-Structured Survival Analysis The authors hypothesized that genetic predisposition to diabetes complications would be more evident among low-risk individuals and aimed to identify genes related to developing complications (confirmed distal symmetric polyneuropathy， overt nephropathy， or coronary artery disease) in low-risk groups. Participants in the Pittsburgh， Pennsylvania， Epidemiology of Diabetes Complications Study of childhood-onset type 1 diabetes， first seen in 1986–1988 (mean age， 28 years; diabetes duration， 19 years)， were reexamined biennially for 10 years. For each complication， subgroups with the lowest disease risk were identified by using tree-structured survival analysis， and 15 candidate genes were compared between subjects with and without complications. In the group with the lowest incidence of confirmed distal symmetric polyneuropathy (n = 123)， confirmed distal symmetric polyneuropathy risk increased fivefold for those with the eNOS GG genotype (p < 0.05). In the group with the lowest risk of overt nephropathy (n = 340)， the ACE D polymorphism increased overt nephropathy risk twofold (p = 0.05)， whereas a protective effect was observed for the LIPC CC genotype (p < 0.05). In the group with the lowest incidence of coronary artery disease (n = 331)， the MTHFR CC genotype increased coronary artery disease risk threefold (p < 0.05). Tree-structured survival analysis may help identify genetic predispositions among individuals who， despite low risk， develop diabetes-related complications. 这样快就被东谈主认领收场！既然翻译了就贴上来吧，本东谈主不是学临床的，望能手指点。4．在糖尿病并发症低危个体中鉴别其基因易理性：树状结构生涯分析的应用。作家假定糖尿病并发症的基因易理性在低危个体中会更赫然，意于在低危群体中鉴别与严重并发症（固定远端对称性多发性精神病、严重性肾病或冠状动脉疾病）关连的基因。插足者来自匹兹堡、宾西凡尼亚州趁早发性I型糖尿病并发症的流行病学扣问。早发性I型糖尿病患者始见于1986－1988年间（平均年岁28岁；糖尿病史19年），10年间每年复查两次。对每一种并发症，用树状结构生涯分析鉴别出患病危机性最低的亚型，15种侯选基因在有并发症组和无并发症进行了相比。在固定远端对称性多发性精神病发病率最低的组（123例），内皮型一氧化氮合酶GG基因型的患病风险加多5倍（p < 0.05）。在严重性肾病患病风险最低组（340例），血管垂危素滚动酶D型多态使患病概率加多两倍（p＝0.05），而LIPC基因的CC基因型是一种保护要素（p < 0.05）。在冠状动脉疾病发病率最低组（331例），亚甲四氢叶酸复原酶CC基因型使患病风险加多3倍（p < 0.05）。树状结构生涯分析也许能在低风险但能发展成糖尿病并发症的个体中鉴别基因易理性有所匡助。　1、Association between Apolipoprotein E Polymorphisms and Age-related Macular Degeneration: A HuGE Review and Meta-Analysis A possible association between apolipoprotein E polymorphisms and age-related macular degeneration has been investigated numerous times， with conflicting results. A previous analysis pooling results from four studies (Schmidt et al.， Ophthalmic Genet 2002;23:209–23) suggested an association， but those investigators did not document allele frequencies， the magnitude of the association， or the possible genetic mode of action. Thus， the authors searched MEDLINE from 1966 to December 2005 for any English-language studies reporting genetic associations. Data and study quality were assessed in duplicate. Pooling was performed while checking for heterogeneity and publication bias. Frequencies of the E2 and E4 alleles in Caucasians were approximately 8% and 15%， respectively. Allele- and genotype-based tests of association indicated a risk effect of up to 20% for E2 and a protective effect of up to 40% for E4. E2 appeared to act in a recessive mode and E4 in a dominant mode. There appears to be a differential effect of the E2 and E4 alleles on the risk of age-related macular degeneration， although the possibility of survivor bias needs to be ruled out more definitively. 1、  载脂卵白E（APE）基因多态与老年黄斑病变的关联扣问：一个东谈主类基因组流行病学综述和Meta分析也曾有多个扣问进行了载脂卵白E（APE）基因多态与老年黄斑病变关系的关联扣问，然而成果尚不一致。畴昔一项基于四篇扣问的分析（Schmidt等，Ophthalmic Genet 2002;23:209–23）标明二者存在关联，然而这个扣问莫得提供等位基因的频率、关联的强度大致可能的基因作用口头。因此，咱们哄骗MEDLINE查找1966到2005年间发表的所关连联扣问的英文文章。对数据和扣问的质料进行调换核实，同期纯熟异质性和发表偏倚。E2和E4等位基因在高加索东谈主群的频率约为8％和15％。 基于等位基因和基因型的分析自大E2具有危机效应达到20%，而E4有保护效应达到40%。E2和E4可能永别以隐性模子和显性模子的口头作用。固然可能存在存活偏倚，然而E2和E4等位基因在老年黄斑病变的发生中施展不同的作用。3The C677T Polymorphism in the Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase Gene (MTHFR)， Maternal Use of Folic Acid Supplements， and Risk of Isolated Clubfoot: A Case-Parent-Triad Analysis C677TWorldwide， 1–4 per 1，000 births are affected by clubfoot. Clubfoot etiology is unclear， but both genetic and environmental factors are thought to be involved. Low folate status in pregnant women has been implicated in several congenital malformations， and folate metabolism may be affected by polymorphisms in the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene (MTHFR).Using a case-parent-triad design， the authors investigated whether the MTHFR C677T polymorphism， and maternal periconceptional folic acid supplement use， influenced risk of isolated clubfoot.Three hundred seventy-five United Kingdom case-parent triads were recruited in 1998–1999. Among the children， there was a significant trend of decreasing clubfoot risk with increasing number of T alleles: relative risk for = 0.75， 95% confidence interval: 0.57， 0.97; relative risk for TT vs. CC = 0.57， 95% confidence interval: 0.35， 0.91; p trend = 0.006.This association was not modified by maternal folic acid use.Maternal MTHFR genotype did not influence clubfoot risk for the offspring overall， although a possible interaction with folic acid use was found. This is the first known report of a specific genetic polymorphism associated with clubfoot. The direction of the association is intriguing and suggests that DNA synthesis may be relevant in clubfoot development. However， clubfoot mechanisms are poorly understood， and the folate metabolism pathway is complex. Further research is needed to elucidate these relations.四氢叶酸复原酶基因(MTHFR)C677T基因多态和母亲叶酸摄入与婴儿单侧跛足危机性的扣问：一项病例－父母三联扣问全球平均每1000荣达儿中就有1-4个跛足。其病因尚不明晰，然而被合计是基因和和环境共同作用的成果。几种先天不及均与妊妇低叶酸水平关连，而MTHFR基因多态可能影响叶酸的代谢。咱们哄骗病例－父母的三联扣问缱绻探讨MTHFR C677T基因多态和母亲孕前叶酸补充与单侧跛足之间的关系。1998-1999年间在英国共汇聚325个病例－父母三联扣问对象。孩子中跛足的危机性跟着T等位基因数目的加多呈权贵下跌的趋势：CT vs. CC，RR=0.75， 95%CI=0.57-0.97; TT vs. CC， RR=0.57， 95%CI=0.35-0.91; 趋势性 p值＝0.006。这种关联不跟着母亲叶酸水平的转变而转变。尽管母亲 MTHFR基因型并不影响后代发生跛足的危机性，然而其与叶酸水平存在潜在的交互作用。本扣问是第一例关连跛足与具体基因多态之间关系的扣问，成果很专门想，自大DNA合成与跛足有存在预计。关联词跛足的机制还不明晰，况且叶酸代谢通路也很复杂。这种关联需要在经来的扣问中进一步给予考据。7天时刻已到。d1002d007 战友未翻译第6篇。本东谈主提议申领第6篇，请斑竹批准！谢谢！6、Association of Selective and Conventional Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drugs with Acute Renal Failure: A Population-based， Nested Case-Control Analysis Conventional nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are associated with acute renal failure， but cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors have not been comparatively evaluated. The authors conducted a nested case-control study to assess the association between exposure to NSAIDs， including cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors， and hospitalization for acute renal failure. They identified 121，722 new NSAID users older than age 65 years from the administrative health care databases of Quebec， Canada， in 1999–2002. Data for 4，228 cases and 84，540 controls matched on age and follow-up time were analyzed by using conditional logistic regression， adjusted for sex， age， health status， health care utilization measures， exposure to contrast agents， and nephrotoxic medications. The risk of acute renal failure for all NSAIDs combined was highest within 30 days of treatment initiation (adjusted rate ratio (RR) = 2.05， 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.61， 2.60) and receded thereafter. The association with acute renal failure within 30 days of therapy initiation was comparable for rofecoxib (RR = 2.31， 95% CI: 1.73， 3.08)， naproxen (RR = 2.42， 95% CI: 1.52， 3.85)， and nonselective， non-naproxen NSAIDs (RR = 2.30， 95% CI: 1.60， 3.32) but was borderline lower for celecoxib (RR =1.54， 95% CI: 1.14， 2.09; test for interaction comparing celecoxib with rofecoxib， p = 0.057). There was a significant association for both selective and nonselective NSAIDs with acute renal failure， but confirmatory studies are required. 6．遴荐性和旧例性非甾类化合物抗炎药与急性肾阑珊的关系：一项以东谈主群为基础的巢式病例对照扣问旧例性非甾类化合物抗炎药与急性肾阑珊关连，但未对其中的环氧化酶-2逼迫剂进行相比评价。扣问者们进行了一项巢式病例对照扣问，以评定暴露于包含环氧化酶-2逼迫剂的NSAIDs与病院收治患者急性肾阑珊的关系。1999年-2002年，他们从加拿大魁北克省卫生保健措置数据库笃定了121，722名65岁以上的NSAIDs新使用者。该贵府包括4，228名病例，按年岁和跟踪时刻匹配的84，540名对照，颐养性别，年岁，健康现象，卫生保健哄骗测量值，暴露于对照制剂及肾脏挫伤药等变量后，给与条目logistic回首模子进行分析。对于整个的服用NSAIDs者而言，在30天之内开动诊治，其发生急性肾阑珊的危机性最高（颐养率比(RR)=2.05，95%置信区间(CI):1.61，2.60）。而30天以后开动诊治，其发病危机性裁减。（服用NSAIDs）在30天之内开动诊治，其与急性肾阑珊的关系与（环氧化酶-2逼迫剂）rofecoxib(RR = 2.31， 95% CI: 1.73， 3.08)，萘普生 (RR = 2.42， 95% CI: 1.52， 3.85)，非遴荐性非萘普生类的NSAIDs (RR = 2.30， 95% CI: 1.60， 3.32)具有可比性；但却低于（环氧化酶-2逼迫剂）celecoxib限度值(RR =1.54， 95% CI: 1.14， 2.09; celecoxib 与 rofecoxib交互作用纯熟， p = 0.057)。遴荐性和非遴荐性NSAIDs，两种药物均与急性肾阑珊存在权贵联系性，但仍需进行证明扣问。晕啊，没了.晕倒，没了濑亚美莉作品